COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

About Coronavirus

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19.

Coronavirus transmission methods

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Touching infected people

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Sneezing

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Coughing

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Mixing with others

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of Covid-19 disease are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some patients may experience pain and aches, nasal congestion, cold, sore throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected without showing any symptoms and without feeling ill.

The following symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure.

  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Nasal congestion
  • diarrhea
  • Sore throat

The four stages of a global pandemic

In the first stage of a pandemic, the disease doesn’t spread locally - cases reported are usually people who have had travel history to an already affected country.

This is the stage of local transmission - when people who have brought the virus into the country transmit it to people they come in contact with, usually friends and family. At this stage, it is easy to trace spread and quarantine people.

The third stage is when the source of the infection is untraceable; this stage is identified by people who haven’t had travel history getting affected by the virus - once here spread is extremely contagious and difficult to control.

So far, China has been the only country to experience Stage 4, where spread is practically uncontrollable and there are many major clusters of infection all over the country.

Tips and Advice

Be sure to wash hands with soap and water, or with disinfectants, continuously, especially after sneezing and coughing, and before and after using the toilets, as well as before handling and preparing foods.

Avoid contact with the injured, or touch their personal devices.

Avoid contact with mouth, nose, and eyes after contact with contaminated surfaces.

Consider using tissues when coughing or sneezing, to cover the mouth and nose with them, and dispose of them in the waste basket and wash your hands well.

Attention to personal hygiene, and sterilization.

Wear a protective mask.